This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of China's historical values, mindsets, and beliefs, employing oral traditions and gazetteers as primary data sources. This study examines fundamental cultural norms and psychological notions, including kinship, honesty, temporal perspectives, and supernatural beliefs. The research findings demonstrate a robust correlation between enduring cultural characteristics and present-day economic development. The importance of examining cultural values over time is shown through a specific examination of social capital. This case study emphasizes how social capital has adapted in the face of significant societal transformations, such as civil conflicts and the adoption of Christianity.