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UID:event-12534@amse-aixmarseille.fr
DTSTAMP:20260414T105840Z
CREATED:20260414T105840Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20260414T105840Z
STATUS:CONFIRMED
SEQUENCE:0
SUMMARY:phd seminar - Mathis Preti*\, Lola Soubeyrand**
DTSTART:20260303T100000Z
DTEND:20260303T113000Z
DESCRIPTION:*Between 1954 and 1998\, tobacco companies deployed $355 millio
 n in research funding to manufacture doubt about smoking's health effects. 
 I provide the first empirical analysis of this funding and its consequences
 . By linking internal tobacco documents with bibliometric data\, I build a 
 novel database tracking researchers who applied—successfully or not—for
  tobacco grants over their scientific careers. I assemble comparable data f
 or NIH-funded researchers. As scientific consensus about tobacco’s harmfu
 lness strengthened\, the industry increasingly shifted toward diversion res
 earch. Comparing funded applicants to near-winners\, I find that tobacco gr
 ants increase tobacco-related publications only when the funded project its
 elf concerns tobacco. This effect is driven almost entirely by research pos
 ing questions unlikely to generate evidence harmful to the industry. By con
 trast\, relative to NIH funding\, tobacco grants are associated with a lowe
 r likelihood of publishing on tobacco in the post-award period. These findi
 ngs suggest that the tobacco industry’s doubt-manufacturing campaign may 
 have successfully delayed scrutiny of research directly relevant to regulat
 ion and consumer behavior.**Uncertainty is a part of life and has been wide
 ly studied in neuroscience and economics. Yet\, we know little about how hu
 mans and animals respond to very rare (below 2% probability) but extreme ev
 ents (REEs)\, whether positive (Jackpot\, JP) or negative (Black Swan\, BS)
 . We study this question in humans and rats using a four-armed bandit task 
 with stochastic gains and losses including REEs. Prior research in rats rev
 ealed two strategies: strong BS avoidance and partial JP seeking. Here we i
 ntroduce two human tasks: one based on experience (implicit learning) and o
 ne with partial outcome descriptions (explicit learning). In both\, humans 
 replicate the main strategies observed in rats: strong avoidance of BS and 
 partial seeking of JP\, with asymmetric reactions: after a BS participants 
 shift away from risk\, whereas after a JP many switch to safer options. To 
 characterise these strategies\, we use modified reinforcement learning mode
 ls. We test how much participants are biased to avoid BS and seek JP\, and 
 how they learn from REEs compare to frequent events. Simulations show that 
 only a more complex Q-learning model incorporating these features can repro
 duce observed human behavior.\\n\\nContact: Xavier Chatron-Colliet : xavier
 .chatron-colliet[at]univ-amu.frArmand Rigotti : armand.rigotti[at]univ-amu
 .fr\n\nPlus d'informations: https://amse-aixmarseille.fr/fr/evenements/math
 is-preti-lola-soubeyrand
LOCATION:Îlot Bernard du Bois - Amphithéâtre\, AMU - AMSE\, 5-9 boulevar
 d Maurice Bourdet\, 13001 Marseille
URL;VALUE=URI:https://amse-aixmarseille.fr/fr/evenements/mathis-preti-lola-soubeyrand
CONTACT:Xavier Chatron-Colliet : xavier.chatron-colliet[at]univ-amu.frArman
 d Rigotti :&nbsp\;armand.rigotti[at]univ-amu.fr
TRANSP:OPAQUE
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