Adelaïde Fabbi*, Julie Rabenandrasana**

*We study the effects of a gender quota reform introduced at the University of Pisa in July 2019, which requires at least one third of members of each gender. We construct an original dataset from publicly available administrative records, covering 787 hiring competitions held between 2015 and 2024. We combine two sources of variation: the reform-induced shift in the expected gender composition of committees and the quasiexogenous variation arising from the lottery-based assignment of individual evaluators within the reformed system. We show that the reform successfully increased the average share of female evaluators from 15% to 43%. We then ask whether this compositional change translated into better outcomes for female candidates.

**This paper studies the impact of school segregation laws on educational attainment in the post-emancipation United States. I construct a dataset of state-level segregation statutes and link it to individual-level data from the complete-count 1940 IPUMS for White and African American individuals. Exploiting variation across states and birth cohorts in exposure to segregation laws, I implement a staggered difference-indifferences design. Exposure increases years of schooling among White individuals, driven by higher primary school completion, with no detectable effects for African Americans. These results suggest that segregation laws reinforced and institutionalized racial inequality in education.